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On a village green in Kent stands a strange wooden contraption that has been spinning, swinging and whacking people for centuries. It's the Offham quintain, and it's often described as the last of its kind. But what was it actually for, and how old is it really? In this video I look at what a quintain was, why the word itself is a mystery, and how much of the thing on Offham Green is actually medieval. The history in brief The word "quintain" appears in English around 1400 (and in Anglo-Latin from the mid-13th century), from Old French quintaine and Medieval Latin quintana. One theory ties it to the Roman camp street called the quintana, where the market was and where military exercises may have taken place. Another suggestion, that it comes from a person's name, is probably an error. In 1254 the young Londoners ran at the quintain for the prize of a peacock. A row with the king's servants followed, and Henry III fined the city 1,000 marks (Matthew Paris). Fitz Stephen, writing under Henry II, lists running at the quintain among the sports of London's youth. Robert Plot (1677) says that in Oxfordshire it was by then mostly used at weddings, and the rider who broke the board was counted the best man. Edward Hasted (1798) describes the Offham quintain in use as a test of the agility of both horse and rider, standing opposite the dwelling-house of the estate, which was bound to keep it up. By 1813 J.N. Brewer wrote that the sport had been disused for so long that locals knew it only as a tradition. A 1722 Northamptonshire wedding quintain, with a garland as the prize, is the last recorded use that the historian Baker found in that county. Dating the Offham quintain In 1858 Murray's Handbook for Travellers in Kent and Sussex says only the upright post remained. By 1866 a visitor writing to Notes and Queries describes the crossbar and weight turning readily on their pivot, so the working top part must have been replaced between those dates. The same writer notes that Murray considered the quintain to be no older than Elizabethan. Sources Edward Hasted, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Vol. 4 (1798) John Murray, A Handbook for Travellers in Kent and Sussex (1858) Notes and Queries (1866) Matthew Paris, via Strutt's account of the London quintain of 1254 Robert Plot, The Natural History of Oxfordshire (1677) J.N. Brewer, Topography of Oxfordshire (1813) Baker, History of Northamptonshire Online Etymology Dictionary and the Century Dictionary (for the word's origin) Visiting The quintain is on Offham Green, near West Malling in Kent, and is free to see at any time. #quintain #Offham #Kent #medievalhistory #folklore #historicalsites #Englishhistory #history #medieval #jousting #knights #historydocumentry #documentry #kent #englishhistory #britishhistory #historicalmystery
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