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How a 0.2Hz Wave Took Down Two Countries’ Power Grids

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About How a 0.2Hz Wave Took Down Two Countries’ Power Grids

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🔌 How did a slow 0.2Hz wave trigger one of Europe’s biggest blackouts? On April 28, 2025, the Iberian power grid—spanning Spain and Portugal—collapsed in under 90 seconds. In this video, I explain exactly what went wrong, why it wasn’t a “renewables problem,” and how it could happen again. As a grid engineer, I break down: - The five cascading phases of the blackout - Why low demand and excess reactive power primed the system for failure - What inter-area oscillations are (and why they’re so dangerous) - How protection relays and poor ride-through settings accelerated collapse - What went wrong with voltage control and shared infrastructure - The roles of France, Morocco, and Portugal in restarting the grid - What this means for the future of high-renewables grids like the UK Spoiler: Renewables weren't the root cause, but poor integration and weak grid planning were. 📈 Whether you're an energy nerd, an engineer, or just curious how a wave can take down two countries' power, this video dives deep with expert insight and real data from official blackout reports by ENTSO-E, REE, and AELEC. 🔧 Chapters: 0:00 Intro 1:12 Phase Zero, Why 5:35 Phase 1, Inter-Area Oscillations 10:30 Overvoltage Protection and Ride Through 12:00 SCADA 12:40 RoCoF & Callide C4 13:26 Phase 3, Cascading Collapse 15: 20 Transformer Taps 16:40 Root Causes 18:35 New Report Issued 19:20 Energy Storage 19:30 Phase 4, System Black 21:48 Lessons and Fixes 23:55 Can this happen to the UK 26:35 Outro 27:05 Out-Takes Corrections: 1:49 Heaters are a resistive load, not reactive generally. 15:35 I wrongly point at the LV side. Tap changers are typically on the HV side (taller side) however either side can be the primary or secondary depending on context. In a step up transformer the LV side would be primary. 🔗 Sources 📄 ENTSO-E Investigation: [https://www.entsoe.eu/publications/blackout/28-april-2025-iberian-blackout/] 📄 REE Report: [https://wattclarity.com.au/articles/2025/06/18june-ree-report-spanishblackout/] 📄 Spanish Gov Report: [https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/consejodeministros/resumenes/Documents/2025/Informe-no-confidencial-Comite-de-analisis-28A.pdf] 📄 AELEC Full Report: [https://aelec.es/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/20250730_CL_INESCTEC_Blackout_full-report_en.pdf?] 📄 UK 2019 Blackout Reference: [https://youtu.be/22T9-oknmLM?si=sz1XR8b_pL_5UfSo] ⚡ Subscribe for more deep dives into the grid, energy systems, and future resilience and consider supporting my Patreon https://patreon.com/theelectricbrit #IberianBlackout #GridCollapse #PowerSystems #EngineeringExplained #Renewables #SpainBlackout #ENTSOE #EnergyTransition

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