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Nobody is ever going to be allowed to run this experiment again. In 2000, three American researchers went into the state institutions of Bucharest, enrolled 136 infants and toddlers, and let a lottery decide which of them moved into a family and which stayed exactly where they were. Then they measured both groups for 16 years. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project is the only randomized trial ever run on whether a child grows up in an institution or in a home. It produced the clearest evidence anyone has on what the earliest years do to a human brain, and an argument bioethicists are still having in print. The wards were a policy accident. Nicolae Ceausescu banned abortion and contraception in 1966 under Decree 770 to force Romania's population upward, and by the time the regime fell in 1989 roughly 170,000 children were being raised by the state. They were fed. They were vaccinated. Their laundry was clean. There was almost nobody to pick them up. What this covers: - Charles Nelson, Nathan Fox and Charles Zeanah, and why they let chance assign the children - What the EEG caps and the MRI scans found - The 24 month threshold that made this study famous - Smaller skulls, reduced gray matter, telomeres worn down years early - Indiscriminate friendliness, and why a child hugging strangers is not a happy child - Who is left to sign consent for a child the state is already housing - Romania's 2004 ban, and the 2019 UN resolution every member state signed - The 2.7 million children still living in institutions right now The institutions are mostly emptied now. What they proved about the opening years of a human life is not going anywhere. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ❤️ I make these alone, please like this video if you have the time. If not, no problem. I will see you in the next one. - Zenn ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ S O U R C E S ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ COGNITIVE RECOVERY AND IQ Nelson, C.A. et al. (2007). Cognitive Recovery in Socially Deprived Young Children: The Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Science, 318(5858). The original trial report and its intelligence findings. BRAIN ACTIVITY AND THE 24 MONTH WINDOW Vanderwert, R.E. et al. (2010). Timing of Intervention Affects Brain Electrical Activity in Children Exposed to Severe Psychosocial Neglect. PLoS ONE, 5(7). Where the age threshold comes from. GRAY MATTER AND WHITE MATTER Sheridan, M.A. et al. (2012). Variation in neural development as a result of exposure to institutionalization early in childhood. PNAS, 109(32). Which brain tissue recovered after foster placement, and which never did. CELLULAR AGING Drury, S.S. et al. (2012). Telomere length and early severe social deprivation: linking early adversity and cellular aging. Molecular Psychiatry, 17(7). More time in institutional care tracked with shorter telomeres. ATTACHMENT Smyke, A.T. et al. (2010). Placement in Foster Care Enhances Quality of Attachment Among Young Institutionalized Children. Child Development, 81(1). Attachment rates in both groups after placement. PSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES Zeanah, C.H. et al. (2009). Institutional Rearing and Psychiatric Disorders in Romanian Preschool Children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(7). Source of the diagnosis figures at 54 months. THE RESEARCHERS ON THEIR OWN ETHICS Zeanah, C.H. et al. (2006). Ethical considerations in international research collaboration: The Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27(6). Published while the study was still running. THE ETHICAL CRITIQUE Millum, J. and Emanuel, E.J. (2012). The Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Case Study in the Ethics of Mental Health Research. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. A bioethics assessment of the trial's approval. DEATHS IN FOUNDLING HOMES Spitz, R.A. (1945). Hospitalism: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1. Infants dying in institutions that had food and medical care. BRAIN CONNECTION RATE Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University. Brain Architecture. The rate of new neural connections formed in early childhood. ROMANIAN POPULATION POLICY Decree 770 of 1966, Socialist Republic of Romania. The restrictions that preceded the growth of the institutions. THE 2004 LAW Law 272/2004 on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Child, Romania. Bans institutional placement of children under 2, excepting severe disability. THE UN RESOLUTION UN General Assembly Resolution 74/133, Rights of the Child, adopted 18 December 2019. Backed by all member states. Urges replacing institutional care with family based care. CHILDREN IN INSTITUTIONS TODAY UNICEF. At least 2.7 million children are living in residential care worldwide. Official records from 140 countries, which UNICEF states is an undercount. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ #documentary #psychology #history #childdevelopment #bucharestearlyinterventionproject

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